Mysql 关键字 保留字

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/keywords.html#

9.3关键字和保留字

关键字是在SQL中具有重要意义的词。某些关键字，如SELECT， DELETE或 BIGINT，被保留，需要用作标识符，例如表和列名特殊待遇。对于内置函数的名称也是如此。

非保留关键字作为标识符而不引用。如第9.2节“架构对象名称”中所述，如果引用了保留字，则可以将其保留为标识符：

mysql> CREATE TABLE interval (begin INT, end INT);
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax ...
near 'interval (begin INT, end INT)'

BEGIN并且END是关键字但不保留，因此它们用作标识符不需要引用。INTERVAL是一个保留关键字，必须引用为标识符：

mysql> CREATE TABLE `interval` (begin INT, end INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

例外：在限定名称中的句点后面的单词必须是一个标识符，所以即使被保留，也不需要引用它：

mysql> CREATE TABLE mydb.interval (begin INT, end INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

允许内置函数的名称作为标识符，但可能需要谨慎使用。例如， COUNT作为列名可以接受。但是，默认情况下，在函数名和下一个( 字符之间的函数调用中不允许有空格。该要求使分析器能够区分名称是否在函数调用中使用，也可以在非功能上下文中使用。有关识别功能名称的更多详细信息，请参见 第9.2.4节“功能名称解析和分辨率”。

下表显示了MySQL 5.7中的关键字和保留字，以及从版本到版本的单个字的更改。保留关键字标有（R）。另外，_FILENAME是保留的。

在某些时候，您可能会升级到更高版本，所以看一下未来的保留字也是一个好主意。您可以在涵盖更高版本的MySQL的手册中找到这些。标准SQL作为列或表名称禁止表中的大多数保留字（例如， GROUP）。有一些是保留的，因为MySQL需要它们并使用yacc解析器。

表9.2 MySQL中的关键字和保留字5.7

ACCESSIBLE (R)	ACCOUNT[a]	ACTION
ADD (R)	AFTER	AGAINST
AGGREGATE	ALGORITHM	ALL (R)
ALTER (R)	ALWAYS[b]	ANALYSE
ANALYZE (R)	AND (R)	ANY
AS (R)	ASC (R)	ASCII
ASENSITIVE (R)	AT	AUTOEXTEND_SIZE
AUTO_INCREMENT	AVG	AVG_ROW_LENGTH
BACKUP	BEFORE (R)	BEGIN
BETWEEN (R)	BIGINT (R)	BINARY (R)
BINLOG	BIT	BLOB (R)
BLOCK	BOOL	BOOLEAN
BOTH (R)	BTREE	BY (R)
BYTE	CACHE	CALL (R)
CASCADE (R)	CASCADED	CASE (R)
CATALOG_NAME	CHAIN	CHANGE (R)
CHANGED	CHANNEL[c]	CHAR (R)
CHARACTER (R)	CHARSET	CHECK (R)
CHECKSUM	CIPHER	CLASS_ORIGIN
CLIENT	CLOSE	COALESCE
CODE	COLLATE (R)	COLLATION
COLUMN (R)	COLUMNS	COLUMN_FORMAT
COLUMN_NAME	COMMENT	COMMIT
COMMITTED	COMPACT	COMPLETION
COMPRESSED	COMPRESSION[d]	CONCURRENT
CONDITION (R)	CONNECTION	CONSISTENT
CONSTRAINT (R)	CONSTRAINT_CATALOG	CONSTRAINT_NAME
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA	CONTAINS	CONTEXT
CONTINUE (R)	CONVERT (R)	CPU
CREATE (R)	CROSS (R)	CUBE
CURRENT	CURRENT_DATE (R)	CURRENT_TIME (R)
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP (R)	CURRENT_USER (R)	CURSOR (R)
CURSOR_NAME	DATA	DATABASE (R)
DATABASES (R)	DATAFILE	DATE
DATETIME	DAY	DAY_HOUR (R)
DAY_MICROSECOND (R)	DAY_MINUTE (R)	DAY_SECOND (R)
DEALLOCATE	DEC (R)	DECIMAL (R)
DECLARE (R)	DEFAULT (R)	DEFAULT_AUTH
DEFINER	DELAYED (R)	DELAY_KEY_WRITE
DELETE (R)	DESC (R)	DESCRIBE (R)
DES_KEY_FILE	DETERMINISTIC (R)	DIAGNOSTICS
DIRECTORY	DISABLE	DISCARD
DISK	DISTINCT (R)	DISTINCTROW (R)
DIV (R)	DO	DOUBLE (R)
DROP (R)	DUAL (R)	DUMPFILE
DUPLICATE	DYNAMIC	EACH (R)
ELSE (R)	ELSEIF (R)	ENABLE
ENCLOSED (R)	ENCRYPTION[e]	END
ENDS	ENGINE	ENGINES
ENUM	ERROR	ERRORS
ESCAPE	ESCAPED (R)	EVENT
EVENTS	EVERY	EXCHANGE
EXECUTE	EXISTS (R)	EXIT (R)
EXPANSION	EXPIRE	EXPLAIN (R)
EXPORT	EXTENDED	EXTENT_SIZE
FALSE (R)	FAST	FAULTS
FETCH (R)	FIELDS	FILE
FILE_BLOCK_SIZE[f]	FILTER[g]	FIRST
FIXED	FLOAT (R)	FLOAT4 (R)
FLOAT8 (R)	FLUSH	FOLLOWS[h]
FOR (R)	FORCE (R)	FOREIGN (R)
FORMAT	FOUND	FROM (R)
FULL	FULLTEXT (R)	FUNCTION
GENERAL	GENERATED[i] (R)	GEOMETRY
GEOMETRYCOLLECTION	GET (R)	GET_FORMAT
GLOBAL	GRANT (R)	GRANTS
GROUP (R)	GROUP_REPLICATION[j]	HANDLER
HASH	HAVING (R)	HELP
HIGH_PRIORITY (R)	HOST	HOSTS
HOUR	HOUR_MICROSECOND (R)	HOUR_MINUTE (R)
HOUR_SECOND (R)	IDENTIFIED	IF (R)
IGNORE (R)	IGNORE_SERVER_IDS	IMPORT
IN (R)	INDEX (R)	INDEXES
INFILE (R)	INITIAL_SIZE	INNER (R)
INOUT (R)	INSENSITIVE (R)	INSERT (R)
INSERT_METHOD	INSTALL	INSTANCE[k]
INT (R)	INT1 (R)	INT2 (R)
INT3 (R)	INT4 (R)	INT8 (R)
INTEGER (R)	INTERVAL (R)	INTO (R)
INVOKER	IO	IO_AFTER_GTIDS (R)
IO_BEFORE_GTIDS (R)	IO_THREAD	IPC
IS (R)	ISOLATION	ISSUER
ITERATE (R)	JOIN (R)	JSON[l]
KEY (R)	KEYS (R)	KEY_BLOCK_SIZE
KILL (R)	LANGUAGE	LAST
LEADING (R)	LEAVE (R)	LEAVES
LEFT (R)	LESS	LEVEL
LIKE (R)	LIMIT (R)	LINEAR (R)
LINES (R)	LINESTRING	LIST
LOAD (R)	LOCAL	LOCALTIME (R)
LOCALTIMESTAMP (R)	LOCK (R)	LOCKS
LOGFILE	LOGS	LONG (R)
LONGBLOB (R)	LONGTEXT (R)	LOOP (R)
LOW_PRIORITY (R)	MASTER	MASTER_AUTO_POSITION
MASTER_BIND (R)	MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY	MASTER_DELAY
MASTER_HEARTBEAT_PERIOD	MASTER_HOST	MASTER_LOG_FILE
MASTER_LOG_POS	MASTER_PASSWORD	MASTER_PORT
MASTER_RETRY_COUNT	MASTER_SERVER_ID	MASTER_SSL
MASTER_SSL_CA	MASTER_SSL_CAPATH	MASTER_SSL_CERT
MASTER_SSL_CIPHER	MASTER_SSL_CRL	MASTER_SSL_CRLPATH
MASTER_SSL_KEY	MASTER_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT (R)	MASTER_TLS_VERSION[m]
MASTER_USER	MATCH (R)	MAXVALUE (R)
MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR	MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR	MAX_ROWS
MAX_SIZE	MAX_STATEMENT_TIME[n]	MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR
MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS	MEDIUM	MEDIUMBLOB (R)
MEDIUMINT (R)	MEDIUMTEXT (R)	MEMORY
MERGE	MESSAGE_TEXT	MICROSECOND
MIDDLEINT (R)	MIGRATE	MINUTE
MINUTE_MICROSECOND (R)	MINUTE_SECOND (R)	MIN_ROWS
MOD (R)	MODE	MODIFIES (R)
MODIFY	MONTH	MULTILINESTRING
MULTIPOINT	MULTIPOLYGON	MUTEX
MYSQL_ERRNO	NAME	NAMES
NATIONAL	NATURAL (R)	NCHAR
NDB	NDBCLUSTER	NEVER[o]
NEW	NEXT	NO
NODEGROUP	NONBLOCKING[p]	NONE
NOT (R)	NO_WAIT	NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG (R)
NULL (R)	NUMBER	NUMERIC (R)
NVARCHAR	OFFSET	OLD_PASSWORD[q]
ON (R)	ONE	ONLY
OPEN	OPTIMIZE (R)	OPTIMIZER_COSTS[r] (R)
OPTION (R)	OPTIONALLY (R)	OPTIONS
OR (R)	ORDER (R)	OUT (R)
OUTER (R)	OUTFILE (R)	OWNER
PACK_KEYS	PAGE	PARSER
PARSE_GCOL_EXPR[s]	PARTIAL	PARTITION (R)
PARTITIONING	PARTITIONS	PASSWORD
PHASE	PLUGIN	PLUGINS
PLUGIN_DIR	POINT	POLYGON
PORT	PRECEDES[t]	PRECISION (R)
PREPARE	PRESERVE	PREV
PRIMARY (R)	PRIVILEGES	PROCEDURE (R)
PROCESSLIST	PROFILE	PROFILES
PROXY	PURGE (R)	QUARTER
QUERY	QUICK	RANGE (R)
READ (R)	READS (R)	READ_ONLY
READ_WRITE (R)	REAL (R)	REBUILD
RECOVER	REDOFILE	REDO_BUFFER_SIZE
REDUNDANT	REFERENCES (R)	REGEXP (R)
RELAY	RELAYLOG	RELAY_LOG_FILE
RELAY_LOG_POS	RELAY_THREAD	RELEASE (R)
RELOAD	REMOVE	RENAME (R)
REORGANIZE	REPAIR	REPEAT (R)
REPEATABLE	REPLACE (R)	REPLICATE_DO_DB[u]
REPLICATE_DO_TABLE[v]	REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB[w]	REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE[x]
REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB[y]	REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE[z]	REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE[aa]
REPLICATION	REQUIRE (R)	RESET
RESIGNAL (R)	RESTORE	RESTRICT (R)
RESUME	RETURN (R)	RETURNED_SQLSTATE
RETURNS	REVERSE	REVOKE (R)
RIGHT (R)	RLIKE (R)	ROLLBACK
ROLLUP	ROTATE[ab]	ROUTINE
ROW	ROWS	ROW_COUNT
ROW_FORMAT	RTREE	SAVEPOINT
SCHEDULE	SCHEMA (R)	SCHEMAS (R)
SCHEMA_NAME	SECOND	SECOND_MICROSECOND (R)
SECURITY	SELECT (R)	SENSITIVE (R)
SEPARATOR (R)	SERIAL	SERIALIZABLE
SERVER	SESSION	SET (R)
SHARE	SHOW (R)	SHUTDOWN
SIGNAL (R)	SIGNED	SIMPLE
SLAVE	SLOW	SMALLINT (R)
SNAPSHOT	SOCKET	SOME
SONAME	SOUNDS	SOURCE
SPATIAL (R)	SPECIFIC (R)	SQL (R)
SQLEXCEPTION (R)	SQLSTATE (R)	SQLWARNING (R)
SQL_AFTER_GTIDS	SQL_AFTER_MTS_GAPS	SQL_BEFORE_GTIDS
SQL_BIG_RESULT (R)	SQL_BUFFER_RESULT	SQL_CACHE
SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS (R)	SQL_NO_CACHE	SQL_SMALL_RESULT (R)
SQL_THREAD	SQL_TSI_DAY	SQL_TSI_HOUR
SQL_TSI_MINUTE	SQL_TSI_MONTH	SQL_TSI_QUARTER
SQL_TSI_SECOND	SQL_TSI_WEEK	SQL_TSI_YEAR
SSL (R)	STACKED	START
STARTING (R)	STARTS	STATS_AUTO_RECALC
STATS_PERSISTENT	STATS_SAMPLE_PAGES	STATUS
STOP	STORAGE	STORED[ac] (R)
STRAIGHT_JOIN (R)	STRING	SUBCLASS_ORIGIN
SUBJECT	SUBPARTITION	SUBPARTITIONS
SUPER	SUSPEND	SWAPS
SWITCHES	TABLE (R)	TABLES
TABLESPACE	TABLE_CHECKSUM	TABLE_NAME
TEMPORARY	TEMPTABLE	TERMINATED (R)
TEXT	THAN	THEN (R)
TIME	TIMESTAMP	TIMESTAMPADD
TIMESTAMPDIFF	TINYBLOB (R)	TINYINT (R)
TINYTEXT (R)	TO (R)	TRAILING (R)
TRANSACTION	TRIGGER (R)	TRIGGERS
TRUE (R)	TRUNCATE	TYPE
TYPES	UNCOMMITTED	UNDEFINED
UNDO (R)	UNDOFILE	UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE
UNICODE	UNINSTALL	UNION (R)
UNIQUE (R)	UNKNOWN	UNLOCK (R)
UNSIGNED (R)	UNTIL	UPDATE (R)
UPGRADE	USAGE (R)	USE (R)
USER	USER_RESOURCES	USE_FRM
USING (R)	UTC_DATE (R)	UTC_TIME (R)
UTC_TIMESTAMP (R)	VALIDATION[ad]	VALUE
VALUES (R)	VARBINARY (R)	VARCHAR (R)
VARCHARACTER (R)	VARIABLES	VARYING (R)
VIEW	VIRTUAL[ae] (R)	WAIT
WARNINGS	WEEK	WEIGHT_STRING
WHEN (R)	WHERE (R)	WHILE (R)
WITH (R)	WITHOUT[af]	WORK
WRAPPER	WRITE (R)	X509
XA	XID[ag]	XML
XOR (R)	YEAR	YEAR_MONTH (R)
ZEROFILL (R)

[a]ACCOUNT：添加在5.7.6（非保留）

[b]ALWAYS：加入5.7.6（非保留）

[c]CHANNEL：加入5.7.6（非保留）

[d]COMPRESSION：加入5.7.8（非保留）

[e]ENCRYPTION：加入5.7.11（非保留）

[f]FILE_BLOCK_SIZE：加入5.7.6（非保留）

[g]FILTER：加入5.7.3（非保留）

[h]FOLLOWS：加入5.7.2（非保留）

[i]GENERATED：加入5.7.6（保留）

[j]GROUP_REPLICATION：加入5.7.6（非保留）

[k]INSTANCE：加入5.7.11（非保留）

[l]JSON：加入5.7.8（非保留）

[m]MASTER_TLS_VERSION：加入5.7.10（非保留）

[n]MAX_STATEMENT_TIME：加入5.7.4（非保留）; 在5.7.8中删除

[o]NEVER：加入5.7.4（非保留）

[p]NONBLOCKING：在5.7.6中删除

[q]OLD_PASSWORD：在5.7.5中删除

[r]OPTIMIZER_COSTS：加入5.7.5（保留）

[s]PARSE_GCOL_EXPR：加入5.7.6（保留）; 在5.7.8中没有保留

[t]PRECEDES：添加在5.7.2（非保留）

[u]REPLICATE_DO_DB：添加在5.7.3（非保留）

[v]REPLICATE_DO_TABLE：添加在5.7.3（非保留）

[w]REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB：加入5.7.3（非保留）

[x]REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE：添加在5.7.3（非保留）

[y]REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB：添加在5.7.3（非保留）

[z]REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE：添加在5.7.3（非保留）

[aa]REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE：添加在5.7.3（非保留）

[ab]ROTATE：添加在5.7.11（非保留）

[ac]STORED：添加在5.7.6（保留）

[ad]VALIDATION：加入5.7.5（非保留）

[ae]VIRTUAL：加入5.7.6（保留）

[af]WITHOUT：加入5.7.5（非保留）

[ag]XID：加入5.7.5（非保留）

下表显示了MySQL 5.7中添加的关键字和保留字。保留关键字标有（R）。

表9.3 MySQL中添加的关键字和保留字5.7与MySQL 5.6相比

ACCOUNT	ALWAYS	CHANNEL
COMPRESSION	ENCRYPTION	FILE_BLOCK_SIZE
FILTER	FOLLOWS	GENERATED (R)
GROUP_REPLICATION	INSTANCE	JSON
MASTER_TLS_VERSION	NEVER	OPTIMIZER_COSTS (R)
PARSE_GCOL_EXPR	PRECEDES	REPLICATE_DO_DB
REPLICATE_DO_TABLE	REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB	REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE
REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB	REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE	REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE
ROTATE	STACKED	STORED (R)
VALIDATION	VIRTUAL (R)	WITHOUT
XID

下表显示了MySQL 5.7中删除的关键字和保留字。保留关键字标有（R）。

表9.4 MySQL 5.7中删除的关键字和保留字与MySQL 5.6相比

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