信号量 Semaphore
Semaphore可以控同时访问的线程个数,通过 acquire() 获取一个许可,如果没有就等待,而 release() 释放一个许可。
Semaphore类位于java.util.concurrent包下,它提供了2个构造器:
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| public Semaphore(int permits) { //参数permits表示许可数目,即同时可以允许多少线程进行访问 sync = new NonfairSync(permits); } public Semaphore(int permits, boolean fair) { //这个多了一个参数fair表示是否是公平的,即等待时间越久的越先获取许可 sync = (fair)? new FairSync(permits) : new NonfairSync(permits); }
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重要的几个方法,首先是acquire()、release()方法:
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| public void acquire() throws InterruptedException { } //获取一个许可 public void acquire(int permits) throws InterruptedException { } //获取permits个许可 public void release() { } //释放一个许可 public void release(int permits) { } //释放permits个许可
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| public boolean tryAcquire() { }; //尝试获取一个许可,若获取成功,则立即返回true,若获取失败,则立即返回false public boolean tryAcquire(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException { }; //尝试获取一个许可,若在指定的时间内获取成功,则立即返回true,否则则立即返回false public boolean tryAcquire(int permits) { }; //尝试获取permits个许可,若获取成功,则立即返回true,若获取失败,则立即返回false public boolean tryAcquire(int permits, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException { }; //尝试获取permits个许可,若在指定的时间内获取成功,则立即返回true,否则则立即返回false
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例子:
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| public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { int N = 8; //工人数 Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(5); //机器数目 for(int i=0;i<N;i++) new Worker(i,semaphore).start(); } static class Worker extends Thread{ private int num; private Semaphore semaphore; public Worker(int num,Semaphore semaphore){ this.num = num; this.semaphore = semaphore; } @Override public void run() { try { semaphore.acquire(); System.out.println("工人"+this.num+"占用一个机器在生产..."); Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println("工人"+this.num+"释放出机器"); semaphore.release(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
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